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[Music]

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okay my talk is about the physical basis

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for nonlocality and first of all we

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should make clear that nonlocality

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is non-local causality the background to

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this diagram here is a spacetime diagram

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showing the separation of Toole art

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light particles in space going in

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opposite directions from each other and

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moving forward in time local causality

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says that the cause of these two

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particles is at the common source which

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is right there at the center non-local

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causality says that the cause is

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elsewhere picture a baseball in flight

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to going to the op field is the

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trajectory of the baseball caused by the

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batter or by the glove that catches the

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fly ball food for thought here's what

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we'll do

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I'll give you a nutshell description of

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Bell's Theorem show you a conceptual

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entangled particles experiment involving

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two polarized photons which is based on

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original experiments done to test the

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Bell's Theorem concept by Friedman and

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Claus ER in Berkeley and famously by

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Alanis Bey in France will discuss the

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quantum probabilities for the

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measurement outcome and then we'll

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discuss the local causality constraints

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on those outcomes finally we'll talk

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about non-local causality and the

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implications for time reversal of cause

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and effect

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Bell's Theorem says that under certain

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well I'll just read predictions of

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measurement outcomes for certain

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entangled states are inconsistent with

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local causality Bell's Theorem was

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published nearly fifty years ago in the

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journal physics and it was the first

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issue of the journal and the journal

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interestingly enough folded after that

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first issue and for the next decade

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Bell's issue Bell sphere theorem was

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rather underwhelming the mathematical

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inequality was experimentally tested and

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it has consistently been found that

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quantum mechanics rules and local

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causality often fails present

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demonstration of bells inequality due to

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henry staff i will follow his analysis

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it was published in July of 1977 so this

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is all pretty old stuff here's the

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experimental setup we have a vibrating

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atom in a hot vapor in the middle it

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emits two photons going in opposite

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directions they are both polarized in

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the same plane one up and one down the

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direction of polarization is a

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superposition of all directions until a

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measurement is made and then there is

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just one direction of polarization the

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polarizer angles the polarizer axes are

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at an angle of theta with each other and

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we will be referring to theta during the

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discussion of the analysis the photons

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incident on the polarisers are either

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transmitted or absorbed if they are

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transmitted a single polarization state

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comes out and is detected by the

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detector well I've got rocks in my head

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for sure that's the success what's going

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on this morning either that I don't

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understand Bell's Theorem but I believe

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I do understand Bell's Theorem

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and I am not bothered by the time

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reversal of cause and effect which is

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where Bell's Theorem leads me that first

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statement I got out of physics today

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magazine a number of years ago the

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second statement is more famously

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attributed to Albert Einstein is the

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moon only there when I'm looking at it

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was his rebellion against the idea that

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the active formation of a state can be

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affected by a passive a passive

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observation of that state these symbols

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are the symbols that we were you will

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use to demonstrate the four outcomes

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four possible outcomes of photon

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incidents on the polarisers the two

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circles represent the front and rear

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polarisers the the blank or white open

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circle represents the transmission of a

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photon the shaded circle represents the

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absorption of a photon the upper-left

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corner is a coincidence measurement in

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which both photons are transmitted the

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lower right corner is a null measurement

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where both photons are absorbed the

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other two are mixed measurements these

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are the symbols that we will use to show

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the orientation of the polarizer x' the

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arrows will show schematically what the

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orientations are the angle theta is

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shown off to the left numerically if the

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circles are shaded green the results are

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due to quantum mechanics

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if the circles circles are shaded pink

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look almost purple here it's due to

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local causality here are the results for

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quantum mechanical measurement

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abilities the four large boxes are

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associated with the four polarizer angle

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settings these are chosen to display an

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inconsistency between quantum mechanics

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and local causality the four small boxes

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represent the four outcomes of a two

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photon incidence measurement that we

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discussed before by way of an example

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the upper right the two 50% are obtained

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when you have the polarisers aligned and

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you expect the photons which are both

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polarized in the same state to either be

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both transmitted or both rejected both

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absorb with equal probability well

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here's how we demonstrate the effects of

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local causality I won't go through this

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in great detail but what we do is we

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change the polarizer angles one at a

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time and as we change the polarizer

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angles we look at the effects the

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changes in the events from coincidence

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measurements to mixed measurements down

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to null measurements we fall we do this

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in two ways we follow the red arrows and

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the blue arrows now when we when we

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change a polarizer angle we assume that

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the very same exact set of photons is

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still incident on the two polarizers

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so the photons due to local causality

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the photons are like real objects when

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they strike the untrained polarizer they

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will transmit exactly as they did before

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when they strike the polarizer that has

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been changed they will be partially

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blocked because of the misalignment of

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the polarizer

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we follow the red arrows around the

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logic will tell us that if we assume

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that quantum mechanics is obeyed and the

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result is compatible with quantum

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mechanics that the fraction of events

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changed from coincidence in the upper

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left to no events in the lower right

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that fraction must be less than 25% if

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we follow the blue arrows around the

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logic tells us that that fraction F is

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constrained by the difference in n1 and

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n2 which are the two new probabilities

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due to local causality here are the

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results for quantum mechanics on the top

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showing the bottom two polarizer

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settings for quantum mechanics and for

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local causality the local causality

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numbers less than 38 percent and so

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forth are derived out to break Li from

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the constraints the inequality

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constraint that I showed you on the last

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side slide and you can see that the the

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quantum mechanical numbers such as 42%

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42.7% for the coincidence measurements

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do not fit within the upper boundary for

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the for the local causality constraints

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so this shows that you that for a

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particular set of polarizer settings

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quantum mechanics is incompatible with

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local causality so what does this mean

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as far as causality is concerned if the

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cause is not at the source where is it

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is it with the observe ation is it at

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the detector one hypothesis the common

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explanation for this is that the two two

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for two photons are form a single

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quantum system a superposition of states

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the system immediately falls into a

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sting single state and that appears at

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both detector 1 and detector 2 instantly

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this doesn't explain to us very well

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what really happens in terms of space

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and time one explanation is that the

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source and the two detectors could be

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connected in some way in an interaction

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and that that detection could cause the

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that yeah that detection could cause the

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photons to be transmitted in the proper

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form too to obey quantum mechanics this

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would result in a superluminal

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transmission of information from

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detector 1 to detector 2 through the

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source faster than the speed of light

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the thing at the top is a palindrome

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which reads the same for word as it does

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backwards and here I'm proposing that we

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have another hypothesis was a time

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reversal of cause and effect

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we have detector one has a causal event

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which causes the appearance of a single

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polarization state which then wrote

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retro causally will propagate back to

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the source and cause that same

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polarization state to appear at the

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source which then comes forward to

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detector 2 this is time reversal of

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cause and effect and physicists go wild

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over this they just cannot encompass

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that however I like this because

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everything stays within the light cone

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everything is contiguous and it is

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relativistically invariant and this

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contrast was something that Pamela said

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earlier this morning that it doesn't

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satisfy relativity this scheme does the

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relativistic

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transformations will retain the same the

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same state finally you have to act ask

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which detector is causal and which is

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affected and I my hypothesis is that the

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both detectors participate in causality

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and if you have an emergence of a of a

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strong effect at either of the two

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detectors this thing can emerge on the

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macroscopic level and would cause a

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paranormal effect to occur so I submit

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that this is this is a source of

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paranormal effects I also submit that my

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time is up

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and I quit okay I'm open to questions

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and then we can go onto our non-local

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lunches if there are any questions I

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hope they're the right ones we do have a

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few minutes for questions even though

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our stomachs are growling yeah it must

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have been the reason I decided at 12

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o'clock we have to go eat okay well I

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thought that was very interesting data

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and I wondered if you had considered the

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possibility that there would be a

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quantum mechanical coupling or

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entanglement between the consciousness

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of the experimenter and the detectors

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something I didn't quite get to is that

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detector one may abet may be affected by

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what I call conscious observational

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causality and which others have called

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mental intention so that consciousness

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enters in at one or the other of the

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detectors one of the other sites causes

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a reversal of time and effect to

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propagate forward to the other site say

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detector to hope that answers that

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question

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if you read the many people that have

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commented on this whole argument you'll

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find a lot of people say that the bells

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inequality and ass pay experiments

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proved that Einsteins argument an EPR

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that quantum mechanics is incomplete was

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correct but you'll find just as many

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physicists say it's incorrect is quantum

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mechanics complete or not in your

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opinion no I don't believe it is

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complete because we do not have at this

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point an explanation for the randomness

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of cause of causality that occurs in

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quantum mechanics I believe that that

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randomness is connected with the

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conscious underworld so to speak the

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collective unconscious and and the

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consciousness that pervades our whole

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being so the simple answer is that it is

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complete but we need to branch off in

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another direction to find an alternate

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theory so for people googling all this

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there's Feynman wheeler to look up and

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Cramer transactional and I wonder if

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this you're just applying that to

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paranormal or is this a separate thing

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the Fineman wheeler work as I know it

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did involve a an advanced wave and a

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wave involving an

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electromagnetic interaction the advanced

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wave being the time reversed portion of

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cause-and-effect Fineman himself was

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unhappy with the outcome of that and he

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went on to to renormalization I believe

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as an alternative answer but I believe

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that the Fineman work on on the

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advancement on the advanced wave was

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valid and parallels what I've described

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here is that okay hi thanks for a good

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presentation I wonder if you're aware of

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the joy Kristen's paper from Oxford last

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year on upper bounds on quantum

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correlations and if you have any

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thoughts on that

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especially on what are the upper bounds

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for quantum correlations no I'm not

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familiar with that unless you lead me a

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little further I don't think I can

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comment on it if we're short on time

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maybe we should discuss it thank you